Computer Cases. Choosing the right computer case is not something that should be performed lightly. Beyond dictating the aesthetics of your PC, a computer case can. Recent advances in artificial intelligence are a wake-up call to policymakers in India, with every one of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s flagship programs likely to. 18:17 (IST) When I first visited Japan as CM of Gujarat, I had said that I want to see a mini Japan in Gujarat. Today that dream has come true: PM Modi. Latest trending topics being covered on ZDNet including Reviews, Tech Industry, Security, Hardware, Apple, and Windows.![]() Air India Flight 1. Wikipedia. Air India Flight 1. Picture taken of the aircraft involved, VT- EFO, landing at London Heathrow Airport on 1. June, less than two weeks before its destruction. Bombing summary. Date. June 1. 98. 5 (1. Summary. Aviation bombing. Site. Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Ireland. N1. 2°4. 9′W / 5. N 1. 2. 8. 17°W / 5. Coordinates: 5. 1°3. N1. 2°4. 9′W / 5. N 1. 2. 8. 17°W / 5. Passengers. 30. 7Crew. Fatalities. 32. 9 (all)Survivors. Aircraft type. Boeing 7. BAircraft name. Emperor Kanishka. Operator. Air India. Registration. VT- EFOFlight origin. Toronto (as Flight 1. Montréal- Mirabel Int'l Airport. Mirabel, Quebec, Canada. London Heathrow Airport. London, United Kingdom. Indira Gandhi Int'l Airport. New Delhi, India. Destination. Sahar International Airport. Bombay, India. Air India Flight 1. Air India flight operating on the Toronto–Montreal–London–Delhi route. On 2. 3 June 1. 98. Boeing 7. 47- 2. 37. B serving the flight (c/n 2. VT- EFO, "Emperor Kanishka") was destroyed by a bomb at an altitude of 3. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean while in Irish airspace. It was the first bombing of a 7. A total of 3. 29 people were killed, including 2. Canadian citizens, 2. British citizens and 2. Indian citizens.[1] The incident was the largest mass murder in Canadian history, and the deadliest incident in the history of Air India. It was the deadliest terrorist attack involving an airplane until the September 1. The bombing of Air India 1. Narita Airport bombing. Investigators believe that the two plots were linked, and that those responsible were aiming for a double bombing. However, the bomb at Narita exploded before it could be loaded onto the plane. Canadian law enforcement determined that the main suspects in the bombing were members of the Sikh militant group Babbar Khalsa. The attack is thought to have been a retaliation against India for Operation Blue Star carried out by the Indian Army to flush out Sikh militants within the premises of the Golden temple and the surrounding structures ordered by the Indian government, headed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Though a handful of members were arrested and tried, Inderjit Singh Reyat, a Canadian national, remains the only person convicted of involvement in the bombing. Singh pleaded guilty in 2. He was sentenced to 1. Flight 1. 82 and at Narita.[3]The subsequent investigation and prosecution lasted almost twenty years and was the most expensive trial in Canadian history, costing nearly CAD 1. The Governor General- in- Council in 2. Supreme Court Justice John Major to conduct a commission of inquiry. His report was completed and released on 1. June 2. 01. 0. It concluded that a "cascading series of errors" by the government of Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) had allowed the terrorist attack to take place.[4]Background and motivation[edit]. Air India 1. 82 memorial, Toronto. The rim of the sundial contains a poem reading "Time flies suns rise and shadows fall let it pass by love reigns forever over all". During the 1. 97. Bangladesh Liberation War of 1. Sikh refugees emigrated to Canada. These included men who became the leaders and members of the Babbar Khalsa, such as Talwinder Singh Parmar, Ajaib Singh Bagri, Ripudaman Singh Malik and Inderjit Singh Reyat. By the 1. 98. 0s, the area around Vancouver, British Columbia had become the largest center of Sikh population outside India. They carried with them rivalries and sectarian tensions from India and Pakistan.[5]The Babbar Khalsa in its current form developed from the violent clash between the rival Nirankari and Akhand Kirtani Jatha (AKJ) sects on the festival of Vaisakhi in India on 1. April 1. 97. 8, where thirteen Sikhs were killed. The founders of this Panthic group vowed to avenge the deaths of Sikhs. Talwinder Singh Parmar led the militant wing of AKJ, which became the Babbar Khalsa, to "punish" the Nirankaris. They had been cleared by the Punjab government of wrongdoing. On 2. 4 April 1. 98. Gurbachan Singh, the Baba (head) of the Nirankaris, was killed; Babbar Khalsa claimed responsibility for the assassination.[6][page needed]On 1. November 1. 98. 1, Parmar was among the militants who escaped from a shootout in which two Punjab Police officers were gunned down outside the house of Amarjit Singh Nihang in Ludhiana district. This added to the notoriety of Babbar Khalsa and its leader. He went to Canada.[7] In 1. India issued a warrant for Parmar's arrest for six charges of murder stemming from the killing of the police officers.[8] India notified Canada that Parmar was a wanted terrorist in 1. Canada denied the request in July 1. After an Interpol alert, Parmar was arrested while attempting to enter Germany. Germany chose to handle the case locally rather than hand him over to India. Parmar went on a hunger strike to win his religious right to wear a turban and have vegetarian meals in the Düsseldorf jail.After India received information that Parmar had made assassination threats against Indira Gandhi, they found that Germany had decided that the evidence was weak.They had expelled Parmar and released him to Canada in June 1.On 3–6 June 1. 98. Micro Application Video Multi Convertisseur Youtube . Khalistan movement was sparked into action as Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi ordered Operation Blue Star, the storming of the Golden Temple.[1.Militants led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (who was killed in the attack) had amassed weapons in the Sikh temple.The militants demanded that Sikhs not be treated as second class citizens in India[1. Indian constitution[1. Sikh state, Khalistan.[1. Some independent estimates of the death toll of the operation ran as high as 1. Sikhs worldwide. On 3. October 1. 98. 4, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards. In retaliation, 1. Sikh riots, guided by certain Indian National Congress members, killed thousands of Sikhs in India.[1. Shortly after Blue Star, Parmar visited the auto mechanic and electrician Inderjit Singh Reyat, who lived in Duncan, British Columbia, a small community north of Victoria on Vancouver Island. He asked him to construct a bomb; Reyat later claimed he had no idea what it would be used for. Reyat asked various people in the community about dynamite, saying he wanted to remove tree stumps on his property.[1. Reyat also discussed explosives with a co- worker, while expressing anger at the Indian government and Indira Gandhi in particular.[2. Later that year, Ajaib Singh Bagri accompanied Parmar as his right- hand man in the armed struggle against the Indian government. Bagri worked as a forklift driver at a sawmill near the town of Kamloops. He was known as a powerful preacher in the Indo- Canadian community.[2. The pair travelled across Canada to rally Sikhs to the cause of avenging the attack on the Golden Temple. They used the meetings as fundraisers for Babbar Khalsa. A former head priest in Hamilton testified that Bagri said, "the Indian Government is our enemy, the same way the Hindu society is our enemy."[2. Bagri told a congregation, "Get your weapons ready so we can take revenge against the Indian Government".[2. Bagri called for action: We are slaves in Punjab. Our brothers and sisters are being killed and so we have to stand up for ourselves. Nobody's going to help us. So to make our own state we need an army, we need ammunition, we need rifles to fight with the Indian Government to make our own state, Khalistan"[2. Bagri speech[edit]On 2. July 1. 98. 4, the founding convention of the World Sikh Organization (WSO) was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The WSO's constitution was committed to diplomacy and non- violence, and it said the organisation would "strive for an independent Sikh homeland by peaceful means." Though Parmar was blocked at the border (he had been put under 2. Bagri gave an hour- long speech at the convention. He said, "until we kill 5. Hindus, we will not rest," before an enraged crowd of 4,0. Bagri defended hijackers who had forced the 'hated' Indian government into negotiations with the Sikh leadership, and was critical of Gandhian non- violence. We are to die in the battlefield, fighting, by sacrificing ourselves. To die such a death, which is the mission of the Khalsa, is our religion".[2. Militant Kashmiri and Afghan rebels also were invited to the rally.[2. All India Radio - Wikipedia. All India Radio (AIR), officially known since 1. Sanskrit: आकाशवाणी; "Voice from the Sky"), is the national public radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati. Established in 1. Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, the national public television broadcaster. AIR has covered more than 9. Indian population as per the latest information given by Minister of Information and Broadcast. All India Radio is the largest radio network in the world. Its headquarters is at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi. Akashvani Bhavan houses the Drama Section, the FM Section and the National Service. Akashvani Bhavan hosts Doordarshan Kendra (Delhi). Etymology[edit]Ākāśavāni (आकाशवाणी) is a Sanskrit word meaning "celestial announcement," or "voice from the sky/heaven". In Hindu, Jain and Buddhist holy traditions, Akashvanis often featured in stories as a medium of communication from the heavens to mankind."Akashvani" was first used in the context of radio by M. V. Gopalaswamy after setting up the nation’s first private radio station in his residence, "Vittal Vihar" (about 2. AIR’s current location in Mysore) in 1. Akashvani seemed to be an appropriate name for a radio broadcaster and was later adopted as All India Radio's on- air name in 1. History[edit]During the British Raj, broadcasting began in July 1. Bombay Presidency Radio Club and other radio clubs. According to an agreement of 2. July 1. 92. 7, the private Indian Broadcasting Company LTD (IBC) was authorized to operate two radio stations; the Bombay station began on 2. July 1. 92. 7, and the Calcutta station followed on 2. August 1. 92. 7. However, on 1 March 1. The government took over the broadcasting facilities, beginning the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) on 1 April 1. May 1. 93. 2. On 8 June 1. ISBS was renamed All India Radio.[2]On 1 October 1. External Service began with a broadcast in Pushtu; it was intended to counter radio propaganda from Germany directed to Afghanistan, Iran and the Arab nations. When India became independent in 1. AIR network had only six stations (in Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Lucknow, and Tiruchirappalli); three radio stations at Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi fell in the share of Pakistan. The total number of radio sets at that time was about 2. India. On 3 October 1. Vividh Bharati Service was launched, to compete with Radio Ceylon. Television broadcasting began in Delhi in 1. AIR, but was split off from the radio network as Doordarshan on 1 April 1. FM broadcasting began on 2. July 1. 97. 7 in Chennai, and was expanded during the 1. Domestic services[edit]AIR has many services in a number of languages, each serving different regions across India. Vividh Bharati[edit]Vividh Bharati is one of the best- known services of AIR. Its name roughly translates as "Diverse Indian", and it is also known as the Commercial Broadcasting Service (CBS). It is the commercially most accessible of the AIR networks and is popular in Mumbai and other large cities. Vividh Bharati offers a wide range of programmes including news, film music and comedy programs. It operates on different medium wave- band frequencies for each city. Some programs broadcast on Vividh Bharati are: Baluchi Programme on AIR[edit]AIR is planning to produce programmes in the Baluchi language, sources claim.[6]Other services include[edit]Primary Channel [1]National Channel[7]Regional services[edit]The headquarters of the Regional Deputy Directors General are located at Delhi and Chandigarh (NR), Lucknow and Bhopal (CR), Guwahati (NER), Kolkata (ER), Mumbai and Ahmedabad (WR), Chennai and Bangalore (SR).[8] All frequencies are in k. Hz, unless otherwise noted. Northern regional service. City. Frequency. City. Frequency. City. Frequency. Agra. 15. 30. Ajmer. Allahabad. 10. 26. Almora. 99. 9Barmer. Bikaner. 13. 95chairhara(budgam)1. Delhi C (Vividh Bharti) (विविध भारती)1. Delhi D (Yuv- vani) (युव वाणी)1. Delhi (National Channel)1. Diskit. 16. 02. Drass. Gorakhpur. 90. 9Jaipur A1. Jalandhar A8. 37. Jalandhar B7. 02. Jammu A9. 90. Jodhpur A5. Kalpa (Kinnaur)1. Kargil A6. 84. Kargil B1. Khalsi. 14. 85. Kota. Kupwara. 13. 50. Leh. Lucknow A7. 47. Lucknow C1. Mathura. 15. 84. Najibabad. Naushera. 10. 89. Nyoma. 14. 85. Padam. Pauri. 16. 02. Pithoragarh. Rampur. 89. 5Rohtak. Shimla. 77. 4budgam. A1. 22. 4srinagar C9. Tiesuru. 16. 02. Udaipur. Uttarkashi. 16. 02. Varanasi A1. 24. 2Sawai Madhopur. Raebareli. 10. 2. Northeast regional service. City. Frequency. City. Frequency. Agartala. Guwahati A7. 29. Shillong. Imphal. 82. 2Eastern regional service. City. Frequency. City. Frequency. Bhagalpur. Chinsurah (Kolkata A, 1 MW)5. Akashvani Maitree. Cuttack A9. 72. Darbhanga. Jamshedpur. 15. 44. Kolkata A6. 57. Kolkata B1. Kolkata C (Vividh Bharati)1. Patna A6. 21. Ranchi A5. Muzaffarpur A1. 00. MHz. Muzaffarpur B1. MHz. Kolkata (FM Rainbow)1. Kolkata (FM Gold)1. Western regional service. City. Frequency. City. Frequency. Ahmedabad A8. Aurangabad. 15. 21. Bhopal A1. 59. 3Chhindwara. MHz. Chhatarpur. 67. Gwalior. 13. 86. Indore A6. Jalgaon. 96. 3Mumbai A1. Mumbai B (Asmita Marathi Programme)5. Mumbai C (Vividh Bharati)1. Nagpur A5. 85. Nagpur B (National Channel, 1 MW)1. Panaji A1. 28. 7Panaji B (Vividh Bharati)8. Pune A7. 92. Rajkot A8. Ratnagiri. 11. 43. Solapur. 16. 02. Sangli. Parbhani A1. 02. 0. External services[edit]The external services of All India Radio broadcast in 2. India—primarily via high- power shortwave band broadcasts, although medium wave is also used to reach neighbouring countries. In addition to broadcasts targeted at specific countries by language, there is a General Overseas Service broadcasting in English with 8¼ hours of programming each day aimed at a general international audience. The external broadcasts were begun on 1 October 1. British government to counter the propaganda of the Nazis directed at the Afghan people. The first broadcasts were in Pushto, beamed to Afghanistan and the North- West Frontier Province. Soon broadcasts began in other languages including Dari, Persian, Arabic, English, Burmese, Japanese, Chinese, Malay and French. The external services broadcast in sixteen foreign and eleven Indian languages, with a total programme output of 7. External service transmitter sites. Location. Number of transmittersk. WFrequency. DRM ! Aligarh (HPT)4. 25. Bengaluru (SPT)6. WChennai (Madras)1. Hz. MWGorakhpur. 15. Guwahati. 15. 0Jalandhar (Goraya)1. Hz. MWKhampur- Delhi (HPT)7. Khampur- Delhi (SPT)2. Kingsway- Delhi. 35. Kingsway- Delhi. 21. Kolkata- Chinsurah/Mogra (SPT)1. Hz and 5. 94 k. Hz(Kolkata - A)1. KHZMWMumbai (Malad)1. Nagpur (SPT)1. 10. Hz. MWPanaji (HPT)2. Rajkot (SPT)1. 10. Hz AIR URDU1. 08. Hz(2 Mega. Watt)Vividha Bharti. Tuticorin. 12. 00. Hz. MWTwo high powered FM stations of All India Radio are under installation in Amritsar and Fazilka in Punjab to supplement the programs put out from transmitters operating from Jalandhar, New Delhi, Chandigarh and Mumbai and to improve the broadcast services during disturbed weather conditions in the border regions of Punjab. Today, the External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts daily in 5. Indian. The foreign languages are Arabic, Baluchi, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, French, Indonesian, Persian, Pushtu, Russian, Sinhala, Swahili, Thai, Tibetan and English (General Overseas Service). The Indian languages are Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Kokani, Kashmiri, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Nepali, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The longest daily broadcast is the Urdu Service to Pakistan, around the clock on DTH and on short- and mediumwave for 1. The English- language General Overseas Service are broadcast 8¼ hours daily. During Hajj, there are special broadcasts beamed to Saudi Arabia in Urdu. The external services of AIR are also broadcast to Europe in DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) on 9. Hz between 1. 74. UTC. The transmissions are broadcast by high- power transmitters located at Aligarh, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Guwahati, Mumbai and Panaji on shortwave and from Jalandhar, Kolkata, Nagpur, Rajkot and Tuticorin on mediumwave. Soon All India Radio Amritsar will start a booster service on FM band too. Some of these transmitters are 1. W (1 MW) or 5. 00 k. W. Programs are beamed to different parts of the world except the Americas and received in very good Reception Quality in the Target areas. In each language service, the program consists of news, commentary, a press review, talks on matters of general or cultural interest, feature programmes, documentaries and music from India and the target region.
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